AAC is MP3's better-trained successor: cleaner sound from the same number of bits. It was born in 1997, an MPEG all-star team: Fraunhofer, Dolby, Sony, AT&T and Nokia, and its real weak spot is older or stubborn hardware that only ever learned MP3.
M4A is AAC in Apple's favorite outfit: the audio-only MP4 your iPhone speaks natively. An MP4 container holding only audio: usually AAC, occasionally Apple's lossless ALAC. That makes it the right destination when what you need is sounding great anywhere in the Apple ecosystem.